📚 PASSIVE VOICE (KALIMAT PASIF)
1. Pengertian Passive Voice
Passive voice adalah kalimat yang menunjukkan bahwa subjek menerima tindakan, bukan melakukan tindakan.
Perhatian kalimat lebih fokus pada objek atau hasil tindakan, bukan pelaku.
Contoh
* Active Voice:
The teacher explains the lesson.
(Guru menjelaskan pelajaran.)
* Passive Voice:
The lesson is explained by the teacher.
(Pelajaran dijelaskan oleh guru.)
2. Perbedaan Active Voice dan Passive Voice
* Active Voice
- Subjek melakukan tindakan
- Fokus pada pelaku
- Pola: S + V + O
* Passive Voice
- Subjek menerima tindakan
- Fokus pada objek
- Pola: O + to be + V3
Contoh
* Active:
The students clean the classroom.
* Passive:
The classroom is cleaned by the students.
3. Rumus Passive Voice
Rumus Umum
Subject + to be + Verb 3 (Past Participle) + by + Subject
Contoh: The book is written by the author.
4. Perubahan Active Voice ke Passive Voice
Langkah-langkah:
1️⃣ Objek pada kalimat aktif menjadi subjek
2️⃣ Tambahkan to be sesuai tense
3️⃣ Gunakan Verb 3 (Past Participle)
4️⃣ Subjek lama menjadi pelaku (by + subject)
Contoh
Active:
She writes a letter.
Passive:
A letter is written by her.
5. Passive Voice Berdasarkan Tense
1. Simple Present Tense
Rumus:
S + am / is / are + V3
Contoh: Active:
The teacher teaches English.
Passive:
English is taught by the teacher.
2. Simple Past Tense
Rumus:
S + was / were + V3
Contoh: Active:
The chef cooked the food.
Passive:
The food was cooked by the chef.
3. Simple Future Tense
Rumus:
S + will be + V3
Contoh: Active:
They will build a bridge.
Passive:
A bridge will be built by them.
6. Passive Voice Tanpa Menyebut Pelaku
Kadang pelaku tidak disebutkan karena tidak penting.
Contoh: The classroom is cleaned every day.
Bukan:
The classroom is cleaned every day by the students.
7. Kata Kerja Bentuk Ketiga (Verb 3)
Verb 1. Verb 2. Verb 3
write. wrote. written
eat. ate. eaten
make. made. made
build. built. built
clean. cleaned. cleaned
8. Contoh Kalimat Passive Voice
- The homework is done by the students.
- The song was sung by the singer.
- The car is washed every day.
- The bridge will be built next year.
- The book was written by a famous author.
9. Kapan Passive Voice Digunakan?
Passive voice digunakan ketika:
✔ Pelaku tidak diketahui
✔ Pelaku tidak penting
✔ Fokus pada hasil tindakan
✔ Digunakan dalam teks ilmiah atau laporan
Contoh: The experiment was conducted in the laboratory.
10. Contoh Passive Voice dalam Kehidupan Sehari-hari
- The door is opened every morning.
- The homework is collected by the teacher.
- The road was repaired last year.
11. Tips Memahami Passive Voice
✔ Cari objek pada kalimat aktif
✔ Ubah objek menjadi subjek
✔ Gunakan to be sesuai tense
✔ Gunakan Verb 3
✅ Kesimpulan:
Passive voice adalah kalimat yang menekankan tindakan yang diterima oleh subjek dengan pola to be + verb 3.
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